公平原则在大陆架划界中的适用

大陆架划界一直是海洋法中一个复杂的法律问题。各国的国家行为以及国际法院的司法实践证明,公平原则是适用于大陆架划界的国际习惯法规则。在大陆架划界中适用公平原则,只有考虑一切相关情况,才能得到公平的划界结果。     

Measuring the intercondylar shelf angle using radiographs: intra- and inter-observer error tests of reliability

This study presents a test of intra- and inter-observer measurement error rates of the intercondylar shelf angle of the distal femur, as measured on lateral radiographs. This measurement is the central element of a method to determine racial affiliation from the distal femur. Four observers independently radiographed a set of 33 complete and partial femora from collections housed at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Laboratory. Each observer then measured the intercondylar shelf angles in each radiograph, following the original method's guidelines. A supplementary inter-observer error test was conducted by four additional observers on one set of radiographs. Statistically significant differences were found for both intra- and inter-observer error based on the results of Student's t-tests, paired samples t-tests, and ANOVA analyses. The results of this study indicate that further experimentation should be undertaken in order to develop refined measurement techniques that may help improve standardization and reduce the observer error rates.     

大陆架外部边界规则研究

从大陆架外部边界规则的定义入手,通过对其中重要概念的释义,并结合相关国家的具体实践,全面阐述大陆架外部边界规则的具体内涵。认为现有规则十分详尽而系统,为沿海国划定自己大陆架的外部边界提供了一个很好的指引;如果沿海国要在具体适用大陆架外部边界规则的过程中最大化自己的大陆架范围,应该充分了解这些条款背后的地质地理学的概念,明确公约中提到的不同界线的位置,经过比较最终划定自己大陆架的外部边界。     

对大陆架划界的几个问题的思考

体现了公平原则的《联合国海洋法公约》第56条第3款的规定对大陆架划界具有指导意义;第83条不是对协商原则的认定,公平原则是大陆架划界的基本原则,其他的原则、方法,只有在符合公平原则的基础上才能得以适用;单方声明不能对抗条约,东海地理地貌的特殊性,决定了中日大陆架划界不论采用协商方式还是司法方式解决,均不能采用中间线划界法。     

中日东海大陆架划界中的关键问题论析

东海大陆架油气资源的发现和开采,使中日东海大陆架争议越发凸显。双方的争议焦点主要集中在东海大陆架划界的基本原则、冲绳海槽的法律效力、＂中间线＂标准是否适用以及＂自然延伸＂原则是否适用等几个关键问题上。虽然2008年6月18日中日两国达成了关于中日东海共同开发的谅解,有利于资源的开发与两国以后在这一海域的划界。但是,中国政府应转变长期对海洋资源保护的消极态度,切实维护我国的海洋权益。     

中国东海法律问题

In the most range of the East China Sea, the exploiting oil and gas have been blocked for decades by conflicting claims to the boundaries and islets by China and Japan. For the sake of addressing conflicts in a comprehensive cooperation by bilateral and multilateral agreements aiming at reducing rising tensions and harvesting resources in disputed areas, it has become a key issue worthy of research. Zhou Zhonghai is a professor of international law and director of the International Law Center in China University of Political Science and Law. He was a senior visiting scholar of the Law School, University of Virginia (1991). As a legal adviser of the Chinese delegation to the third UN conference on the law of the sea, he once attended the drafting committee conference. His main works include Comments on International Law (2001), International Law of the Sea (1987), Legal Problems on International Economic Relations (1993), Peace, Justice and Law (1996), Technologic Progress and Development of the Law of the sea (1998), Law Dictionary (1998), Business Law in China, Trade, Investment and Finance (1997), On the Case of Agusto Pinochet Ugarte (1999). In addition, he has published many essays, for instance, Zhonghai Zhou’s essays on international law (2006), Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2005), International law and its functions in international relations (1997), On diplomatic protection for the overseas investments (2007).     

马英九关于钓鱼岛问题的学术见解

马英九的学术研究中认为钓鱼岛的主权争议在于东海资源上,据此马英九根据海洋法的规定并辅以国际案例作为比较,强调钓鱼岛不应享有大陆礁层及专属经济区,以及钓鱼岛主权问题与东海海床划界问题可以分割,主要就是为了将钓鱼岛问题有层次地切割后分别解决。马英九对钓鱼岛问题的主要态度,就是"主权在我、搁置争议、和平互惠、共同开发"。实际上,就是在海洋法的精神理念中,能够在和平的前提之下共同使用、共享资源。     

意识形态论客体向度中的主客架构——对意识形态理论发展的考量

意识形态论的主客架构作为一种场域性的存在蕴涵了强性的场域意识与关系性旨趣的有效性.其历史性的意义在于,客体向度中,客体由对主体的深层抽离消弭中自觉性地展现身体主体本质的有效性.在一定意义上,它实为主体"客体化"、客体"主体化"内在建构的意谓过程.     

大陆架划界规则之比较

国际海洋划界是现今海洋法中最具争议性的问题之一,而大陆架这一海域由于其地质地貌及资源等因素导致其在相邻或相向国家之间划界更是复杂,在公约和实践中出现的“中间线+特殊情况”规则及“公平原则”成为大陆架划界的主要规则。     

法律适用中的时间要素 中日东海争端关键日期和时际法问题考察

中日东海争端中真正的法律问题指向的是大陆架权利制度。这一制度在过去大半个世纪中发生了很大变化,在法律适用时必须考虑时间要素。时间要素中的关键日期、時际法和现行法分别解决的是何时为止的法律关系需要判断、法律关系建构及形成于前法和后法的整个过程时适用哪一个法律,以及法律关系仅形成于后法之后时适用哪一个法律这三个问题,其中关键日期和時际法是中日东海争端的焦点。考虑这两点后的适用法律仍然是1969年北海大陆架案所确定的自然延伸原则。