The Role of Brand Orientation in Developing a Learning Culture and Achieving Performance Goals in the Third Sector Organizations

ABSTRACT

This study is first in nature to find the empirical evidence of relationship between brand orientation (BRO), learning orientation (LO), and its impact on Performance (PERF) of third sector organizations (TSOs) in Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was filled through non-probability snowball sampling method from more than 300 senior managers working in different cities of Pakistan. The structural equation model was used for the mediation by running smart partial least squares software. The results prove that organizations with strong BRO philosophy not only help to develop strong LO culture but also help in achieving organizational performance goals. The study also discussed practical implications, limitations, and areas of future directions.     

骨龄自动化评估的研究进展

骨龄是反映人体生长发育的一项重要指标,能够较为客观地反映个体生长发育水平及成熟度。传统的人工骨龄评估通常是将左手腕X线片与参考标准进行比较,从而获得相应的骨龄值,该方法既耗时又存在观察者间的差异。近年来,随着计算机科学的不断发展,促使骨龄评估开始由传统的人工评估向自动化评估转变。虽然骨龄自动化评估的研究已相当多,但大部分仍处于实验阶段。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在骨龄自动化评估方面的相关研究与进展,以期为相关研究人员提供参考与研究思路。     

论国际投资中的国家责任问题

国际投资中的国家责任问题主要涉及国际投资的法律保护问题 ,如对外国投资和投资者的待遇标准、国有化或征收及其补偿问题。另外 ,还涉及特许权协议、拒绝司法、外交保护等问题。就外资待遇而言 ,发展中国家应根据其经济发展的实际情况在双边投资保护条约中慎重承诺。笔者通过对国有化问题的分析 ,认为国家在这个问题上所承担的国家责任不是传统国际法上的国家责任 ,而是一种“合法行为引起的国家责任”。关于特许协议 ,笔者认为它是国内契约。此外 ,在国际投资中 ,还涉及因污染转嫁而产生的国家责任。     

肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠血气分析、血中细胞因子及肺组织病理学的改变

目的 :探索肺气虚证的本质。方法 :将 6 0只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组 ,复制肺气肿肺气虚证模型 ,分别检测 pH、氧分压 (pO2 )、氧饱和度 (SaO2 % )、二氧化碳分压 (pCO2 )、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)及肺组织病理学的改变。结果 :模型组pH、pO2 、SaO2 %下降 ,pCO2 升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;模型组IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;病理组织学及超微结构检查显示肺组织有慢性支气管炎及肺气肿病变。结论 :肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠存在低氧血症和高碳酸血症 ,血中细胞因子IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,可能是肺气虚证从轻度向中、重度发展的重要原因之一。     

欠发达地区农民增收难的原因及解决对策——以江西省抚州市为例

欠发达地区农民增收受到多种因素限制,增收渠道少、难以持续、土地经营规模小、农业比较效益差及农业基础设施薄弱等是主要原因。完善政策机制、改善农业生产条件、推进产业化经营及加快小城镇建设等措施,不失为解决当前欠发达地区农民增收难的好对策。     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

Resignifications and subversive transformations: Judith Butler’s queer theory and women who kill

This article provides an empirical study of a number of cases dealing with women who kill their abusive partners and the construction of the battered woman syndrome in order to identity the possibilities for transformation within the legal system. Drawing upon the work of Judith Butler, the article will argue that the unstable nature of social terms and the nature of social power provides the potential for resignifying and subversively transforming the gender identities constructed and perpetuated by the law. In addition to outlining the defences for murder and engaging in a close examination of the cases, the article will also provide a critical analysis of Judith Butler’s approach to subject formation. Dr Anna Carline LLB (Hons), LLM, PhD. Law Lecturer, Liverpool John Moores University.     

从观念的结合到现实的统一——法治与社会主义的关联

法治与社会主义的关联经历了一个曲折的发展过程。在马克思恩格斯的社会主义理想中,法治与社会主义的观念结合仅体现在未来社会发展的特定的阶段。法治与社会主义的现实统一是随着中国改革开放逐步形成的。     

政治文明与我国法制现代化的发展

政治文明作为人类社会政治生活的进步状态和人类在政治实践活动中形成的文明成果,是一个以制度建设为主干,包括政党政治、民主政治、法治政治的完整体系。其实质就是要实现政治结构、政治活动和政治制度的法治化。因此,政治文明的发展必然会推动和促进法制现代化的发展。     

无诉讼即无宪政

宪法之生命在于宪政 ,而宪政之精髓则在于法治 ,惟法治之精神方可葆宪政生命之树长青。宪法诉讼既是宪政法治存在的基本标志 ,也是宪政法治实现的必要条件 ,因此说 ,没有宪法诉讼 ,就没有宪政。