CSR and social conflict in the Brazilian extractive sector

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important means to address conflicts, support local development and build trust between businesses and civil society. Yet CSR often fails to live up to its ambitions and can even exacerbate conflicts between companies and communities. In this article we consider how changing CSR strategies over the past four decades between Brazilian company Vale to Norwegian company Hydro have fomented or mitigated company–community conflicts in Northern Brazil. We find that paternalistic and philanthropic approaches of Vale over time led to deep resentment and mistrust due to underdevelopment and environmental damages. Moreover, while Hydro’s more modern CSR strategies sought to deepen community engagement and build legitimacy, the company has struggled in addressing the legacies inherited from Vale and past and current civil society grievances. The case suggests that even forward-thinking CSR approaches are vulnerable to failure where they prioritise business risk over community engagement, neglect to account for past legacies in areas of operation, and fail to create a shared vision of future development. It suggests that EI companies should both understand and engage with their social and environmental impacts in the past, present, and future and create shared economic benefits in the short and long term in order to address social conflicts.     

论国际投资中的国家责任问题

国际投资中的国家责任问题主要涉及国际投资的法律保护问题 ,如对外国投资和投资者的待遇标准、国有化或征收及其补偿问题。另外 ,还涉及特许权协议、拒绝司法、外交保护等问题。就外资待遇而言 ,发展中国家应根据其经济发展的实际情况在双边投资保护条约中慎重承诺。笔者通过对国有化问题的分析 ,认为国家在这个问题上所承担的国家责任不是传统国际法上的国家责任 ,而是一种“合法行为引起的国家责任”。关于特许协议 ,笔者认为它是国内契约。此外 ,在国际投资中 ,还涉及因污染转嫁而产生的国家责任。     

加强领导干部任期经济责任审计的思考

领导干部任期经济责任审计对于抑制腐败行为、加强对领导干部的监督管理、正确评价和使用领导干部、保护国家财产的安全完整、促进国有资产的保值增值等具有重要意义     

公务员行政责任追究立法研究

公务员行政责任追究立法是行政法制建设的重要环节。解决当前公务员行政责任追究制度不规范现象,必须加强公务员行政责任追究立法。公务员行政责任追究立法,在立法模式上应采用半统一立法模式,在立法思想上应贯彻宁疏勿密立法思想,在立法原则上应坚持教惩结合立法原则。     

WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

工会应当力推企业承担社会责任

企业承担社会责任是时代发展的要求,是社会公众的要求,也是企业发展的内在要求。企业在新时代发展必须融入企业社会责任的世界潮流之中去,以强烈的社会责任感和高瞻远瞩的国际视野,对待和承担社会责任。     

宪政——人类法治文明的最高结晶

文章从依法治国首先要依宪治国 ,实行法治关键要实行宪政立论 ,层层深入地阐析了宪政的涵义 ,宪政与宪法的关系 ,宪政的性质、特征及要义 ,宪政与民主、法治、人权的关系等重要问题。     

大众传媒中歧视问题探究

大众传媒对当前信息传播的重要影响毋庸置疑,由于其宣称的独立性,以及站在政治和商业权力的对立面而受到普遍的赞誉。但在这个貌似公正无私外表的掩饰下,媒体却对现实社会中众多的“歧视”观念的产生和延续有着不可推卸的责任。     

论不真正连带债务

因为连带责任有加重债务人责任之嫌,故连带债务不能推定,只有在法有明确规定时法院才能判令当事人承担连带责任,但是司法实践中,法无明文规定的情况时有发生,此时法院的判决多认定当事人承担连带责任,这种法官造法必然对案件的处理产生不公正,加重了债务人的负担.文章对不真正连带债务的概念、构成要件、法律效力等有关问题进行论述,并提出一些立法、司法建议,进一步论证该制度的合理性和其实践意义,使其有益于司法需要.     

转化抢劫罪的若干疑难问题探析

构成转化抢劫罪的前提“犯盗窃、诈骗、抢劫罪”并不要求一定达到既遂程度,也不是三个具体罪名,而是指三种行为形式。转化抢劫罪中的暴力、威胁必须达到一定程度。其主体必须年满16周岁。其目的条件之一的“毁灭罪证”不包括灭掉证人。