论主要罪过

在结果加重犯、结合犯,以及行为人对于结果发生难以预测的特殊犯罪中,要认定行为人究竟具备故意还是过失的罪过,可能比较困难。对此,刑法学界先后提出了复合罪过说、客观的超过要素概念等解决方法。但是,这些理论是否合理,还值得推敲。本文提出的新方法是:先从“事实上”确定这些特殊犯罪中的行为人究竟有多少个罪过;然后从“规范”意义上确定在这些罪过中,哪一个是次要罪过,哪一个是主要罪过,最终确定的这个主要罪过就是这些特殊犯罪的罪过形式。“主要罪过说”的提出,有助于解决刑法学上一直存在的罪过难题。

On Primary Guilty Mind

In offenses of aggravated consequence,complex crimes and other special crimes in which the perpetrator cannot predict the consequence of his action,it is difficult to determine whether the mens rea is intent or negligence.To solve this problem,the academia of criminal law has proposed resolutions such as the doctrine of compound crime and the concept of extra objective element.However,it is debatable whether these theories are practicable.A new idea proposed by this article is that how many criminal states of mind that accompany the actor's conduct should at first be determined on the “fact.” Then we can ascertain which one is the primary or secondary state of mind in the sense of “legal norms” and at last determine that the primary state is the special element required for the particular offense.In this author's opinion,the doctrine of “primary guilty mind” is conducive to the resolution of this long-perplexing problem in criminal law.