公共政策问题建构过程中的公共性研究

公共政策具有公共性,亦即处理大多数民众的问题。政策具有问题性,也就是政策以民众问题为导向,大多数民众有相同问题,政府机关将问题纳入政府议程,提出解决策略。倘若忽视公共性,公共政策就有可能变为某些个人、团体、阶层谋取私立的工具。这就要求我们在公共政策的制定和实施的过程中,必须时时关注公共性,亦即要做到在政策问题取向上的公共性。故而,首先探究公共政策问题与其公共性之意涵;其次,析探问题建构中公共性之哲学基础;最后,藉由现今流行于公共政策学界,用以展现问题建构过程中公共性的审议式民主,以及审议式民主在台湾之应用-公民会议的召开,来加以进一步说明。

A Study on the Public-ness in the Process of Constructing Public Policy Problem

Public policy emphasizes on its public-ness, dealing with the solution to the public's problems. At the same time, one character of public policy is problem-oriented. That is, if most people have the same problem, government should take the problem into the process of government agenda-making and find out some policies or strategies to solve the problem. So we should focus on the public-ness in the process of drawing up and implementing public policy. Firstly, this paper discusses the connotation of public policy problem and its public-ness. Secondly, it analyzes the philosophy foundation of the public-ness of structuring public policy problem. Thirdly, it explores "deliberative democracy" that is popular in the field of public policy to demonstrate the public-ness in the process of structuring public problem. Finally, it reviews the "citizen conference" that is the application of the essence of deliberative democracy in Taiwan.