奠基早期美俄关系的《美俄商约》与詹姆斯·布坎南

1832年詹姆斯·布坎南作为美国驻俄公使来到圣彼得堡,并首度主持、签署了与俄国的《商贸与航海条约》。此前十余年美俄两国处于相互戒备状态。此约是美俄关系史上的第一份官方贸易条约,并一直持续到1912年,长期规范着美俄贸易,也引领了美俄早期商务关系,影响了两国的早期外交关系,甚至也影响了此后美国对俄长期的外交政策。詹姆斯·布坎南为此发挥了特殊作用。本文依据历史文献揭示了这段鲜为人知的历史进程及其演进的原因。

The Russia-US Commercial Treaty as a Cornerstone of the Early Russia-US Relations and James Buchanan

In 1832,James Buchanan came to St.Petersburg as the US envoy to Russia and signed the “Trade and Navigation Treaty” with Russia for the first time.Before the treaty,the United States and Russia had been on alert for more than a decade.This treaty was the first official trade treaty in the history of US-Russia relations which has long regulated the US-Russia trade,affected their early diplomatic relations between and even influenced the long-term policy of the US towards Russia.James Buchanan played a special role for this treaty.Based on historical literature,this paper reveals this little-known historical process and the reason lurking behind its evolution.