改革开放40年来的中国(中)东欧研究:基于学科建设的初步思考

中国学界对东欧文学和东欧历史的介绍与研究很早就开始了,但从国际问题或世界政治的视角对(中)东欧问题进行全面研究大抵与改革开放同步。从研究对象的变化看,改革开放40年来的中国(中)东欧研究大体分为20世纪80年代的东欧研究和东欧剧变后的中东欧研究。而从研究的系统性和变化趋向来考察,中国(中)东欧研究则经历了一个不对称的“N型”进程,即20世纪80年代到21世纪初的“显学”、2004年数个中东欧国家加入欧盟前后至2011年期间的“险学”以及2012年中国—中东欧国家合作倡议启动以来的“热学”。在此过程中,中国(中)东欧研究的内容与重点不断发生变化,呈现强政策导向性、重热点追踪性以及国别关注非均衡性的特征。与之相适应的是,有关研究机构经历了从恢复新建到骤然减少再到蓬勃发展的过程,从业人员则出现由相对集中到部分改行再到“跨界汇”的趋向。为强化学科建设和提升国际话语权,未来中国(中)东欧研究应重点关注以下几点:剖析老中青三代学人的差异,总结中国(中)东欧研究的阶段性和连续性;查找中国学界与国外学界的差距,归纳中国(中)东欧研究的普遍性与特殊性;探求中国学界对于该区域的定义,形塑中国(中)东欧研究的唯一性或中国范式。

Studies on Central and Eastern Europe in China since Reform and Opening-up:Preliminary Thinking Based on Disciplinary Construction

China's academic circles have started researching on Eastern European literature and EasternEuropean history from long ago,but comprehensive research on Central Eastern European issues from the perspective of international issues or world politics is probably in sync with China’ reform and opening up.In terms of the research objects,Central and Eastern European studies since the reform and opening up can be divided into two categories:Eastern Europe in the 1980s and Central and Eastern Europe after the drastic changes.Looking at the systematic and changing trends of research,Central and Eastern European Studies has undergone an asymmetric “N-type” process,namely,“prominent research” from the 1980s to the beginning of the 21st century;“endangered discipline” from 2004 to 2011;“hot topics” since the launch of the China-CEE cooperation in 2012.In this process,its content and focus have continuously changed but the features of policy-orientation, keeping track of the hotspot and imbalanced country-specific studies remain the same.The research institutions and researchers have also gone through three stages:restoration and reestablishing,sudden reduction,and vigorous development.In order to strengthen the discipline construction and enhance the international discourse power,the future Central Eastern European study should focus on the following points:finding gaps between Chinese and foreign academia,summarizing the universality and particularity,clearly defining the region,and shaping China ’ s paradigm on Central Eastern European studies.