试论胎儿利益民法保护立法例的选择

胎儿作为自然人生命的初始阶段,是任何人都无法逾越的。胎儿的成长、发育状况直接影响着人类生命质量和一国国民素质。因此,自罗马法以来,各国都在法律上设定若干制度以保护胎儿利益。但在我国,除继承法第28条对胎儿权益有所涉及外,法律几乎是一片空白。那么,未来中国的民事立法如何更加有效地保护胎儿利益既是一重大理论问题,又是一重大现实问题。如果要对胎儿利益保护进行立法,摆在我们面前的首要问题就是立法例的选择问题。但是,传统的民事权利能力理论使得无论采取何种立法例都会面临逻辑上难以周延的尴尬。因此,应当抛弃之以建立现代的民事主体制度。

Legislative Choice on The Protection of Fetus' Interests in Civil Law

Fetus, which everyone cannot go beyond is the initial stage of human beings. The growth and development of fetus affect the nation' s quality. But in China, except Article 28 of inheritance law, there is no provision on the protection of the fetus' interests. The Protection of fetus' interests in future Chinese Civil Law Code is not only a theoretic problem but also a practical issue. While the civil law is to be formulated, the first problem is the legislative choice on the protection of fetus' interests. However, the traditional theory of legal capacity for private rights cannot meet the present needs. So the traditional theory shall be discarded.