Interpreting simple STR mixtures using allele peak areas |
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| Institution: | 1. Forensic Science Service, Priory House, Gooch Street North, Birmingham B56QQ, UK;2. Forensic Science Service, Wetherby Laboratory, Sandbeck Way, Audby Lane, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS22 4DN, UK;3. ESR:Forensic, Mt Albert Science Centre, Private Bag 92-021, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands;2. VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Immunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Genética Forense y Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. National Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal;3. Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal;1. Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;2. Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;1. Forensic Science South Australia, Adelaide, Australia;2. Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia;1. UTS, Sydney, Australia;2. University of Bristol, UK;3. Università Roma Tre, Italy;4. Forensic Sciences Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;5. Comisaría General de Policía Científica, DNA Laboratory, Madrid, Spain;1. University of Auckland, Department of Statistics, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand;3. California Department of Justice, Redding, CA, USA;4. Forensic Science South Australia, 21 Divett Place, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;5. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA, Australia;6. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway;7. Forensic Genetics Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;8. Center for Human Identification, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA |
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| Abstract: | Although existing statistical models can interpret mixtures qualitatively based upon the alleles present, the use of automated sequencers opens the opportunity to take account of quantitative aspects embodied by the peak area. One step in understanding simple mixtures consisting of just two donors is to estimate the mixture ratio. This is relatively easy to do when four-allele mixtures are evident at a given locus. However, if the mixture consists of three or fewer alleles, the process it is not straightforward. We demonstrate that mixture estimates are consistent across all loci in a multiplex system. Once the mixture ratio is known, then the expected peak areas for any given combination of alleles can be estimated using a simple spreadsheet analysis. |
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