论联合国经济制裁之功能

一般认为联合国经济制裁具有“强制改变”的功能,但对于联合国经济制裁是否具有惩罚功能和预防功能的问题,国际社会却存在严重的分歧,这种分歧直接影响到联合国经济制裁的决策和执行。刑法学关于惩罚功能的精髓是在刑事不法行为与刑事制裁之间建立必然联系,从这个角度来看,联合国经济制裁不具有惩罚功能;民法学在“惩罚性赔偿”的定义中,将惩罚界定为“对不法行为者施加的‘害’大于不法行为本身导致的‘害’,而不是等于或大致等于不法行为本身导致的‘害’”,从这个角度来看,联合国经济制裁不一定具有惩罚功能;法理学认为“惩罚”就是“施加不利”,从这个角度来看,联合国经济制裁应该具有惩罚功能因素。另外,从主观上看,联合国经济制裁不具有预防功能;但从客观上看,联合国经济制裁却具有预防功能因素。

On the Function of UN's Economic Sanction

Compulsory modification is generally the main function of the economic sanctions under the UN, but there are many obviously divergent opinions on whether punishment and prevention are the functions of the economic sanctions under the UN. In Penology, the function of punishment means the inevitable connection between the crime and the criminal sanctions, at this angle, the economic sanctions under the UN have no function of punishment; in Science of Civil Law, punishment, which is defined in the " punishing compensation", means the harm caused by sanction is larger than the harm caused by illegal behavior, according to this definition, the economic sanctions under the UN are not sure to have punishing function; in Jurisprudence, punishment means imposition of harm, according to this point, the economic sanctions under the UN have certain elements of punishment. Subjectively, the economic sanctions do not have preventive functions, objectively they do.