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Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects |
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| Authors: | Craig Bennell Geoffrey Alpert Judith P. Andersen Joseph Arpaia Juha-Matti Huhta Kimberly B. Kahn Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh Molly McCarthy Kyle McLean Renée J. Mitchell Arne Nieuwenhuys Adam Palmer Michael D. White |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;3. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada;4. Private Practice, Eugene, Oregon, USA Department of Couples and Family Therapy, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;5. Police University College of Finland and Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland;6. Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA;7. Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;8. College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA;9. RTI International, Durham, North Carolina, USA;10. Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;11. Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;12. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA |
| Abstract: | Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety. |
| Keywords: | use of force de-escalation use of force continuums racial biases trust in the police public safety |