东北地区农业系统资源利用方式及其效益的历史变迁

历史上东北地区水草丰沛,森林茂密,沼泽遍地。生息繁衍于此的东北先民,或渔猎,或游牧,或农耕。明清以来,尤其是清中期实行招垦政策以来,东北地区的荒田、草地、山林、沼泽,均得到了大面积的农业开发,造成农田系统对草地系统、森林系统、沼泽系统不断包抄与逐渐挤压,深刻影响了东北地区的作物布局与耕地制度。受此影响,东北地区种植业系统功能日益强化,而畜牧业系统、林业系统以及渔猎系统功能呈日渐式微趋势,外来移民的大量涌入以及放垦政策的大力推行难辞其咎。

A Study on the Utilization Changes of Agricultural System Resources in Northeast China from a Historical Perspective

Northeast China is rich in water,dense forests,and swampy in the history.The original inhabitants make a living on fishing,nomadic,and farming as they wish.Since the Ming and Qing Dynasty,especially in mid Qing Dynasty when the cultivated policy was executed,large area of Northeast China has been cultivated due to agricultural purpose.Gradually,the native bioenvironmental system was deeply affected.Especially with the strengthening of the agricultural function,the function of animal husbandry,forestry system as well as the fishing and hunting system is declined.The immigrant influx and cultivate policy is the main reason without question.