试论中韩战略合作伙伴关系中的美国因素

中韩关系的发展已进入战略合作伙伴关系的高层次阶段,对整个东亚战略新格局的形成起着至关重要的作用。然而,韩国的对华外交却承受着美韩同盟关系的制约,韩国夹在中美之间,左右为难,面临着严重困境。2010年发生的"天安舰事件"和"延坪岛事件"以及2012年发生的"脱北者事件"等,将中韩战略合作伙伴关系中原本隐蔽着的问题暴露在世人的面前,其中之一即是美韩同盟关系与中韩战略合作伙伴关系的内在结构性矛盾。李明博执政期间,美韩同盟有趋强的趋势,导致中韩关系面临着重大考验。韩国外交的根本出路:"须在中美间找准外交平衡点","中美韩‘三国演义’演不好,半岛南北就永无宁日"。为此,韩国需要有更多的独立决策能力,保持自身在两者间的平衡,既与美国保持同盟关系,又与中国发展战略合作伙伴关系。任何倒向美国一边的政策,都会使韩国的战略决策失衡,使中韩战略合作伙伴关系受损。可以期待2012年大选后韩国政府的对美、对华政策会有新的调整,自主性、多元性、平衡性将成为韩国外交的发展方向,将有利于推动中韩战略合作伙伴关系的深化与发展。

On Factors of the United States in China-ROK Strategic Cooperative Partnership

Development of China-ROK bilateral relations has entered into a high-level stage of strategic partnership,which plays a vital role in the formation of a new strategic pattern in East Asia.However,under the constraints of the US-ROK alliance,Republic of Korea’s diplomacy towards China,which sandwiches between China and the United States,is facing a serious predicament.A series of incidents since 2010 has exposed the original hidden problems of China-ROK strategic cooperative partnership,one of which is the inherent structural contradiction between US-ROK alliance and China-ROK strategic cooperative partnership.The tendency of strengthening the US-ROK alliance in the period of Lee Myung-bak administration has imposed a great challenge on Sino-ROK relations.The fundamental way out of Korea’s diplomacy is to keep precise balances between the United States and China,and the peace of Korean Peninsula can’t be got without smooth negotiation and collaboration among the three parties.To this end,Korea needs more independent decision-making capabilities,maintaining their own balance between the two.After the general election this year,we can expect more autonomy,diversity,and balance in the new Korean administration’s adjustment of diplomacy towards the United States and China,which is vital for the development of Sino-ROK strategic cooperative partnership.