户外运动组织者违反安全保障义务的侵权责任

户外运动的组织者对于户外运动的参加者具有安全保障义务,如果因组织者未尽到其注意义务而导致参加者遭受人身损害,组织者应当负侵权责任。判断户外运动的发起、召集人是否为组织者,主要根据是否对户外运动具有一定的控制能力。组织者的安全保障义务一般包括事前的准备义务、警告和告知义务以及活动中的谨慎行为义务。自冒风险是户外运动组织者责任的重要抗辩事由,应当根据风险层次的不同分为非极限性和极限性户外运动两种类型,分别适用基本型默示自冒风险和派生合理性自冒风险。

On Violating the Tort liability of the Security Obligation of the Organizers of Outdoor Sports

The organizers of outdoor sports owe the participants a duty of security protection.If the organizers violate the duty,they would take the liability of torts.The most significant factor to judge whether the sponsors are organizers is the ability to control the outdoor sports.The duty of security protection usually embraces the obligations of preparation in advance,warning and notifying the participants,and acting with caution.The assumption of risk is an important defense of organizers.The outdoor sports should be divided into two types: non-extreme sports and extreme sports.The former should adopt primary implied assumption of risk,and the latter adopt secondary reasonable assumption of risk.