日本如何接受“哲学”?

1591年在日本第1次出现了关于"哲学"(音译片假名标记)的记载;从幕府末期到明治初期,在"希哲学"、"求圣学"这样的概念之外,日本人还尝试了"究理学"、"性理学"、"理学"、"理论"、"玄学"、"知识学"等各种各样的翻译。在这之中,最具有影响力的就是"理学"这一概念。但是,1874年(明治7年)西周在《百一新论》中最终把philosophy定译为"哲学"。西周认为,儒学的特质在于将"真理"置于儒学之起点的孔孟之说,进而追求代代相传,永以为继。与之不同,西方哲学从根底上就不是以遵循传统作为前提,而是通过批判与检验把握事物的真相,获得真理观念。即认为真理始终是存在于发展之中。中江兆民关于"日本自古至今无哲学"的名言,反映出日本在经验的理论化这一方面存在着不足之处。

How Japan Accepted philosophy

It is recorded that "philosophy"(transliterated Katakana mark) appeared for the first time in Japan in 1591.From the late shogunate to the early Meiji period,the Japanese tried the translation of not only the "Greek philosophy","sacred science",but also "seeking science","nature of science","science","theory","metaphysics","science of knowledge".The most influential is the "science" concept.However,Xizhou translated eventually philosophy as "philosophy" in Baiyi New Concept in 1874(7 of Meiji period).Xizhou thought the nature of Confucianism is Confucius and Mencius taking the "truth" as the starting point of Confucianism,and then the pursuit of being handed down from age to age and being permanent.Unlike Confucianism,the root of western philosophy is not to follow the tradition as the premise,but to grasp the truth,the truth concept through criticism and inspection.That is to say,the truth always lies in the development.The paper argues that the saying of "there is no philosophy since ancient times" by Chomin Nakae reflects weakness of the theory of experience in Japan.