确认生父之诉若干问题研究

确认生父之诉是典型的身份关系诉讼,多数国家在立法上将其确立为一种独立的诉讼类型。确认生父之诉的适格原告是子女、子女的母亲或其他亲权人,适格被告通常是父亲,父亲死亡的,可以由他的子女或其他近亲属承继被告资格;在证明责任方面,尽管法院对确认生父之诉实行积极的职权探知,但这不免除当事人的证明责任;确认生父之诉的证明方法主要有间接证明和直接证明,必要时可以采取推定来确定父子关系。

Some Issues on Paternity Suits

A paternity suit is a typical case of identity relation,and most countries establish legislatively it as an independent cause of action.Proper plaintiffs of those cases are children,children's mothers or other obligees of parental power.Proper defendants of those cases are generally fathers,otherwise children or kinship will adopt defendant's seats when the former died.Although courts carry out positive ex officio principle of attestation function,litigants should have burden of proof.Main proving modes are direct or indirect proofs,and constructive duty would be taken in need.