失败的国家建设方针——肯尼迪政府与越战初期的南越“战略村计划”(1961-1963)

肯尼迪执政时期,随着冷战战场向第三世界的转移,美国政府越来越致力于通过国家建设(Nation Building)①方针应对欠发达国家不断出现的叛乱问题,意图通过引导落后地区以发展现代化来消除共产主义滋生的根源。越南战争时期南越的战略村计划是肯尼迪政府在第三世界展开的第一次完全意义上的国家建设行动。本文旨在通过对战略村计划从出台到实施再到失败这一过程的历史考察,分析肯尼迪政府对第三世界的国家建设方针存在的两点困境:一个是美国自身在国家建设中的定位问题,一个是文化冲突问题。

The Unsuccessful Nation Building Policy: the Kennedy Administration and the Failure of the Strategic Hamlet Program in South Vietnam during the Early Vietnam War (1961-1963)

During the Kennedy administration, accompanied the transfer of the Cold War battlefield to the Third World, the U.S. government increasingly committed to dealing with the ＂insurgency＂ problem by means of ＂nation building＂ in less developed countries, so as to guild the backward regions to eliminate the ＂root＂ of communism by the development of modernization. In the strict sense, the ＂Strategic Hamlet Program＂ of South Vietnam is the first ＂nation building＂ action that Kennedy administration put forward in the Third World. This paper aims to analyze the plights of Kennedy ad- ministration＇ s ＂nation building＂ policy towards the Third World on base of the historical survey to the process of ＂Strategic Hamlet Program＂ which from initiation to implementation and then to failure. The first plight is the problem of positioning itself; the second is the problem of cultural conflict.