儒家心性论视阈下的“德育”思想论略——兼论“朱陆之争”

我们对儒家的“德育”思想有误解。事实上，儒家理解的“德育”应指一种“成德之教”，在根本的意义上，它是关于我们如何实现良心自觉的学问。儒家认为自觉的方法主要有两种：一是修身；一是教化。其根据是儒家所持有的独特的心性论。关于修身历来有“朱陆之争”，但事实上他们的不同只是一个强调在日常生活的具体道德实践中“逆觉体证”，一个强调通过格物、阅读经典等来觉悟而已，各有长短。同样，教化的根源性的方法是“启发”，它反映的人伦关系不是权力性的压制关系，而是出于一种天下一家、天下关怀的道德责任感；这种责任感恰恰反映了儒家积极性的人伦观。祛魅了这一人伦观，我们最终将无“家”可归。

The Ideology of Moral Education Viewed from the Perspective of the Confucian Theory of Mind-Nature:A Side Study on the Argument between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuzhou

The Confucian ideology of Moral Education has been misunderstood.As a matter of fact,the moral education in Confucianism is supposed to be understood as a kind of moral cultivation,which is,fundamentally,about how we can realize conscience-oriented consciousness.Confucianism believes that there are mainly two ways to realize consciousness: one is self-cultivation and the other is education,which are based on the unique Mind-Nature Theory in Confucianism.With regard to self-cultivation,we are still facing th...