论行政法的自由意志理念——法律下的行政自由裁量、参与及合意

私法中的契约自由以自由意志为核心 ,它蕴含着对具有自由意志的人的尊重。现代行政法同样也应服膺于这种尊重人的理念 ,因而契约自由精神完全可以在行政法中得到延展。就行政主体而言 ,自由意志体现在其自由裁量权的行使及其限制上 ;对行政相对人来说 ,其自由意志主要表现为行政参与的自由 ;行政主体与行政相对人自由意志的存在以及双方的互动与沟通 ,使行政过程中的合意得以形成。我们提倡通过合意来处理行政事务、解决行政纷争 ,但也应合理地界定行政合意的边界

On the Idea of Free Will in Administrative Law

Free will is the nucleus of freedom of contract in private law, which implies that we should respect individuals who have free wills. Similarly, the idea of respecting individuals is also applicable to the administrative law. Accordingly, the spirit of freedom of contract can be extended into and fully developed in administrative law. The free wills of administrative bodies are reflected in the course of exercising and restricting their discretions. The free wills of administrative counterparts are mainly reflected in the freedom of administrative participation. The existence of the free wills of both, and communication between them, make it possible to form consensus in the course of administration. We advocate that dealing with administrative affairs and settling administrative disputes on the basis of the consensus,whose boundary must also be defined properly.