论司法判决的可接受性——基于听众理论的分析

提高司法判决的可接受性,依赖法官在判决时从独白转变为对话,佩雷尔曼、阿尔尼奥的听众理论能够提供新的研究视角。司法判决要说服听众,就必须寻找到听众认可的价值或规范作为论证起点。在司法活动中,因为现代社会价值具有多元性与不确定性等特征,所以只能以国家制定法作为听众认可的起点。在需要对法律进行阐释的领域,法官对法律的解释优先于听众对法律的理解。司法判决的结果是否具有可接受性,要看其是否符合合理性标准。合理与否需要在具体的语境与情境中探讨,为防止合理沦为主观擅断,司法判决可接受的合理性标准要受到后果主义和融贯性的双重审查。

On the Acceptability of Judgment--Preliminary Analysis on the Audience

To improve the acceptability of judicial decisions,it is very important for the judges to transform from monologue to dialogue.Perelman and Aarnio's audience theory can provide a new perspective.If the judgments want to convince the audience,they must find a starting point recognized by the audience.However,due to the diversification and uncertainty of value,legislation pre established by the legislature should be recognized as the premise.If the law needs to be interpreted,it is necessary to establish that the judge's interpretation is prior to the audience's legal interpretation.Whether the judgment is acceptable depends on the rationality.It should be discussed in specific contexts and situations.In order to avoid arbitrary judgments,rationality of judicial judgments should meet the standard of consequentialism and coherence.