浅析纸钞的公众防伪设计

钞票是国家名片,各国为了防范伪造都在钞票上采用了大量防伪技术。钞票的防伪技术一般分为公众防伪、专业防伪和专家防伪三个层次。公众防伪特征是公众无需使用特殊设备就能鉴别钞票真假的主要手段,也是假币犯罪分子突破的重点。为了应对制假技术的提高,增强货币的防伪能力,中国人民银行和欧美等国央行也在不断对钞票进行改版提升,将最新的防伪技术应用到钞票中,同时加大宣传力度,提高普通民众对钞票防伪点的识别能力。本文调研了欧美等国央行在钞票防伪技术提升与防伪点的公众识别方面的研究,分析了新版人民币与部分国家和地区最新发行的纸质钞票的公众防伪特征,对比了不同纸钞的公众防伪特点,结合纸钞防伪设计分析,从更新钞票防伪设计、加强公众宣传等方面,为防范假币提出了建议。

Cognizance of Banknotes into Public-aware Security Features

Banknotes are among symbols of a country.In order to prevent currency-counterfeiting,every country has been continuously adopting ever-upgrading anti-counterfeiting technologies into banknotes.Commonly,banknotes harbor anticounterfeiting technology of three levels:public,professional and expert.The public level intends for the public to distinguish genuine banknotes from counterfeits without assistance of special equipment.Usually,the public-level technology is the key target for counterfeiters to imitate and utilize.Having maintained the advanced and leading security features that keep the currency safety and public confidence,central banks,e.g.,the People’s Bank of China,European Central Bank,the United States’Federal Reserve System,are constantly upgrading their banknotes,applying the latest anti-counterfeiting technologies.Furthermore,publicity efforts are also carried out to improve the public awareness of these security features,guiding the public to learn about how to authenticate a banknote.This article surveys the Occidental central banks of their endeavors to enhance banknote’s security features and make them public-aware,meanwhile analyzes the public-aware security features of both the 2019-version RMB and those banknotes issued by some foreign countries or regions in recent years.Besides,suggestions are provided about improving the security features of banknote and public familiarity to the security features.