澳门特区行政授权制度改革探讨

行政授权制度在澳门由来已久,其承袭自澳葡政府,而来源于葡萄牙行政制度。澳门特区的行政授权制度内容包括授权原则及条件、授权主体及资格、授权内容及程序等方面。虽然行政授权制度有利于行政主导制的实施以及政府权力的集中统一与平稳运作,却也导致权力的集中化与人格化、行政程序缓慢以及官员问责困难等问题。而行政授权制度的改革需要确立以法定职权取代授权的原则,并制定统一法律规范司、局级机构据位人管理性权力,重整现有授权法律制度,从而形成统一的行政权力配置法律制度。

On the Reform of Administrative Authorization System in Macao SAR

The administrative authorization system has a long history in Macao.It was inherited from the Portuguese colonial government and originated from the Portuguese administrative system.The administrative authorization system of Macao Special Administrative Region includes the principles and conditions of authorization,the subjects and qualifications of authorization,the contents and procedures of authorization,etc.Although this system is beneficial to the implementation of executive-led system and the centralization,unification and smooth operation of government power,it leads to the centralization and personification of power,the slowness of administrative procedures and the difficulty of holding government officials accountable.To reform of the administrative authorization system,we need to establish the principle of replacing authorization with statutory authority,formulate unified laws and regulations to regulate the administrative authority of position holders of government departments and bureaus,and restructure the existing legal system governing authorization,in order to form a unified legal system for administrative power setting.