伤残评定标准及赔偿方式的比较研究

目的比较目前司法实践中常用的伤残评定标准及赔偿方式，以揭示目前我国人身伤害民事赔偿中存在的现实问题。方法时目前司法实践中常用的工伤标准、交通标准、普通伤害标准三大标准的内容进行比较；对与上述三大标准相对应的赔偿方式进行比较。结果（1）就标准的内容来看：三大标准中伤残条款的设立、级剐有显著的区别，同种损伤依据不同的标准评定，其伤残评定结果差异明显，“同伤不同残”现象较为普遍。（2）就标准的宽严尺度来看：工伤标准宽泛，门槛低，级别评定较高；而交通、普通伤害两个标准严格．门槛高，较轻的损伤不易评定为残疾。（3）就标准的架构来看：工伤标准、普通伤害标准在架构上严谨；而交通标准不够严谨，分级过于简单且涵盖内容不全。（4）就标准的强制力来看，交通标准为国家强制标准，级别最高．工伤标准其次，为国家推荐标准。普通人身伤害标准级别最低，目前尚无全国统一的标准；有的省适用自制标准（如江苏、北京），有的省适用工伤标准，有的省适用交通标准，其效力常常遭到质疑。（5）就三种损伤类型的赔偿体系来看：赔偿方式各不相同，赔偿额差距显著，“同伤不同价”现象突出。因为目前全国没有统一的普通人身伤害标准．地方对伤残标准及赔偿方式的应用极为混乱，有的地方以宽松的残疾标准（如工伤标准）评定伤残，再配以目前普通伤害案件宽松的赔偿方式，其结果是赔偿额大幅增加，造成明显的司法不公。结论上述问题的解决应从伤残评定的医学标准着手，目前急需制定一部适用于普通伤害的残疾评定标准，这样可以确保在每一赔偿体系中，均存在与其相配套的医学评定标准，以避免因鉴定标准的不同引发的司法不公。

Comparison on Criteria of Impairment Evaluation and Their Forms of Compensation

Objective To compare and investigate the criteria of impairment evaluation and their forms of compensation. Methods Three criteria commonly used in adjudication practice at present are compared, and these criteria are ＂Assessment and Gradation of Disability Caused by Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases （AGDCWIOD）＂, ＂Assessment for Body Impairment of the Injured in Road Traffic Accident （ABIIRTA）＂ and ＂Assessment and Gradation of Impairment Caused by Trauma （AGICT）＂. To distill items of the above-mentioned criteria, to compare their contents of items and excursus,and to compare their forms of compensation. Results There are essential differences among the mentioned criteria. AGDCWIOD are loose, ABIIRTA and AGICT are strict, AGDCWIOD and AGICT are religious, ABOIIRTA are oversight and non-religious; these differences will cause civil compensation differences and miscarriage of justice; their forms of compensation are different. At the same time, there are differences between domestic and international criteria, and some items of domestic criteria were behind times. Conclusion There are many problems in the criteria of impairment evaluation and related articles need recension and consummation.