当代法哲学视域下的墨家法律观

当代法哲学视域下,墨家法律观首先在事实性的有效性向度上,认定和证成了法律的文本性、符号性、行动性、规则性、规范性、普遍性以及强制性等事实性的张力;其次,在法律有效性的规范性向度上,墨家以法为天,认定法源自于天,法是天的根本意志的体现,而天的意志的实质乃是——具有正义、平等、实践三个显著特点的——兼爱利民;其三,在交往理性的向度上,墨家把法的产生和生成、法的有效性及其实现,置于"从事"、"说书"尤其是"谈辩"的世界里,提出了语用谈辩的交往法律观:把法的有效性标准及其检验看作是,透过"古者圣王"、"百姓耳目"、"百姓人民"中的谈辩——即经过多主体的交往理性,而达成的"中效"或"共识"。墨家的交往法律观主张通过多主体之间的平等"谈辩",来化解"事实性"与"规范性"之间的紧张关系,从而实现"兴天下之利"的良性互动。

Mohist Legal View from the Perspective of Contemporary Legal Philosophy

From the perspective of contemporary philosophy of law,Mohist view of law firstly identified and justified the tension of fact( the textuality,semioticalness,mobility,regularity,standardization,universality and compulsion of the law) on the validity dimension of fact;Secondly,on the normative dimension of legal validity,Mohism regards the law as the heaven,and believes that the law is from the heaven,the law is the embodiment of the fundamental will of the heaven,and the will of the heaven actually is-Characterized by justice,equality and practice-universal love and crating benefits for the people;The third, on the dimension of communicative rationality,Mohism put the derivation,the formation,the effectiveness and the realization of law into the world of"engagement","storytelling",especially "argumentation"-Mo-tse put forward the view of law of pragmatic argumentation,he regards the effectiveness of law( "mean effectiveness") as: the argumentation that through the talk among" ancient saint king","people’s eyes and ears","ordinary people"-that is to reach a "consensus"through the communicative rationality of multiple subjects. The view of law of Mohism advocates resolving the tension between fact and standardization through "argumentation".