《民法通则》规定的民事责任——从物权法到民法典的规定

权利、义务、责任是法律的基石,法律的内容是在权利、义务、责任的基础上展开的,民法也不例外。我国《民法通则》关于民事责任的规定值得重视,物权法和未来的民法典应当继受《民法通则》创立的民事责任制度。未来我国民法典应当借鉴《德国民法典》和旧中国民国时期的民法典,设立物权编和债权编,但是不必规定物权请求权,可将物权请求权转变为侵权责任,规定在民法典的侵权责任编中。将物权请求权转变为侵权责任,不仅不会破坏物权与债权的科学体系,而且会使物权与债权的区分更加明晰,使债与责任的区分更加明晰。

Civil Liabilities Provided by the General Principles of Civil Law: From the Real Rights Act to Civil Code

Rights, obligations and duties are a cornerstone of law, on which the contents of law evolve, and civil law is no exception. In this respect, provisions related to civil liabilities in the General Principles of Civil Law of the People’KG-*8s Republic of China should be of concern. The future Real Rights Act and Civil Code should be consistent with the General Principles of Civil Code. China’KG-*8s proposed Civil Code should, by reference of the German Civil Code and the Civil Code made in the period of the Public of China, have sections of real rights and obligations, though it is unnecessary to set forth a claim of real rights. However, we may convert the claim of real rights into a tortious liability and set forth it in a section of tort in the Civil Code. Converting the claim of real rights into tortious right will not ruin the scientific regimes of real rights and obligatory rights. Further, it will more clearly distinguish real rights and obligatory rights, along with obligation and duty.