第一个工人阶级政权巴黎公社崭新创举

1871年建立的巴黎公社是第一个工人阶级政权。它是法国社会内部阶级矛盾和外部民族矛盾激化的产物。巴黎公社是在1871年3月18日国民自卫军武装起义胜利后建立的。它的第一个崭新创举是经过民主选举产生政权机关。政权结构是继承了法国立法与行政统一的地方自治机构的传统。政权具有四重性质:工人阶级政权,社会主义政权,多派联合政权,爱国主义与国际主义结合政权。政权领导体制是不设主席的委员集体领导制。巴黎公社的第二个崭新创举是工人政权实行民主执政,全面开展政法建设、财经建设、文教建设、社会建设、军事建设和外事建设,是兴建社会主义新社会开天辟地的空前试点,马克思确认它是新社会的光辉先驱。巴黎公社只坚持72天就因内部危机和外敌入侵而败亡。要从哲理上深入理解为何巴黎公社是偶然诞生,必然灭亡。巴黎公社的实践经验对确立和发展科学社会主义、对重振和提高世界社会主义运动都有重大意义,对中国革命更有长久影响和现实意义。

Pioneering Innovations of the Paris Commune as the First Working Class Polity

The Paris Commune established in 1871 is the first working class polity. It was a result of conflict aggravation internally among classes and externally among nations. The Paris Commune was established on March 18th, 1871 upon the successful uprising of the National Guard. Its first brand-new initiation was to establish organs of political power through democratic election. The political structure inherited the tradition of legislative and execu- tive unity of the local autonomous bodies in France. The polity had quadruple features as a working-class polity, a socialist polity, a multi-group united polity, and a polity combining patriotism and internationalism. The leadership structure was a collective leadership system of commission without chairman. The second brand-new initiation was democratic governance by the workers＇ government to comprehensively carry out political and legal building, finan- cial and economic building, cultural and educational building, social building, military building, and foreign af- fairs building as an unprecedented experiment for building a socialist new society. Marx confirmed it as ＂the glori- ous harbinger of a new society. ＂ The Paris Commune failed due to internal crises and external invasion after merely 72 days. The reasons for the Paris Commune＇s accidental birth and inevitable death must be understood in depth philosophically. The practical experience of the Paris Commune is of great significance both for the establishment and development of scientific socialism, and for the revitalization and enhancement of the world socialist movements. Especially, it has been more influential and is more significant for the Chinese revolution.