论转型社会中的中国农村集体土地权利制度变革——兼评《物权法》的相关规定

当代中国农村集体土地权利制度存在所有权与所有制关系混同、使用权与所有权权能趋同、权利关系与权力关系混同、私法缺位和公法越位以及功能错位等问题,因而在社会转型过程中受到极大的挑战.以土地所有制与土地所有权相分离为原则,对现行集体土地所有制进行股份制改造,在土地价值形态上实行农民集体所有制,变农民为股东,实现公平的价值追求;在土地实物形态上建立"集体法人所有权"制度,变农民集体组织为集体法人组织,实现效率的价值追求,这是当代中国集体土地权利制度改革模式的最优选择.

The Reform of Chinas Conutry Collective Land Rights System During Social Transformation

In the contemporary China's country collective land right system,there are problems of confusing ownership right and ownership system,equaling using right and ownership right,confusing right relationship and power relationship,private law vacancy and public law offside,and function dislocation and so on.So it is greatly challenged during social transformation.Based on the principle of separating land ownership system from land ownership right,this paper suggests that the present collective land ownership system should be adapted as shareholding system to realize farmer collective ownership system in the form of land value and make farmers as shareholders so as to reach fair value pursuing.It also proposes to establish the collective legal person's ownership system in land physical form and changes farmer collective organization into collective legal person's organization to realize the value pursuing of efficiency,which should be the best selection of reform models for the contemporary China's country collective land right system.