精神分裂症患者的犯罪学特征与刑事责任能力的关系

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的犯罪学特征与刑事责任能力的关系。方法采用自行编制的司法精神病学鉴定案例登记量表,对133例精神分裂症涉嫌犯罪者的资料进行收集、整理、归纳。然后对其犯罪学特征与责任能力的关系做相关分析。结果精神分裂症患者涉嫌犯罪案件类型中,以暴力案件为主,依次为凶杀68例(51.1%)、伤害38例(28.6%)、纵火9例(6.8%)、抢劫4例(3.0%)、性犯罪3例(2.3%)。不同责任能力与犯罪相关因素的统计分析发现:诱发事件(χ2=91.779,P=0.000)、双方关系(χ2=76.449,P=0.000)、作案动机(χ2=11.9,P=0.001)、作案前准备(χ2=110.623,P=0.000)、自称遗忘(χ2=34.274,P=0.000)、作案后反应(χ2=110.923,P=0.000)、案件类型(χ2=38.638,P=0.000)有显著性差异。结论无责任能力的分裂症患者作案具有动机不明、无预谋、不分对象、不分场合、突发性、盲目性、残忍性等特点。无责任能力组和部分责任能力组的犯罪学因素中诱发事件、双方关系、作案动机、作案前准备、自称遗忘、作案后反应、案件类型有显著性差异,可作为责任能力评定的参考因素。

A study on the relationship between the criminological characteristics and the criminal responsibilities of patients with schizophrenia

Objective To investigate the relationship between the criminological characteristics and criminal responsibilities of schizophrenia(SP).Methods Data collected from 133 suspected offenders with SP was analyzed using a scale of forensic psychiatric assessment designed by our institution to investigate the relativity between the criminological characteristics and capacity for responsibility. Results In the cases of suspected criminals with SP,homicide accounted for 51.1%,hurt for 28.6%,offense of arson for 6.8%,robbery for 3.0%,and sexual offence for 2.3%.The statistical analysis of different responsibilities and relative factor of offence showed significant differences between two groups.The criminological index included induced affairs(χ~2=91.779,P=0.000),mutual relationship(χ~2=76.449,P=0.000),criminal motivation(χ~2=11.9,P=0.001),pre-offence preparation(χ~2=110.623,P=0.000),self-alleged amnesia(χ~2=34.274,P=0.000),post-offence responsiveness(χ~2=110.923,P=0.000),and type of offence(χ~2=38.638,P=0.000).Conclusions The offences committed by the schizophrenia sufferer without responsibility are characterized by committing offence with indefinite motive,unwilfulness,unrelevant target,discretional occasion,attack at suddenness and randomness,and brutality.Significant differences are shown in provoking affairs,mutual relationship,criminal motivation,pre-offence preparation,self-alleged amnesia,post-offence responsiveness,and type of offence in the SP offenders without responsibility in comparison with those with partial criminal responsibility,which may be used as reference parameters for assessment of criminal responsibilities for the patients with schizophrenia.