光复初期台湾农会与合作社分合问题

日据时期的台湾与1945年前的中国大陆各自拥有不同的农民组织经验,这两种经验在光复初期的台湾交集。国民政府在接收台湾后不久,即依据大陆“农会政治,合作社经济”的原则,将台湾最大的农民组织——农业会划分为农会与合作社两种组织,使得光复初期的台湾农民组织陷入分分合合的纠葛之中,直至1949年台湾省政当局重新将其合并。在农会与合作社分合问题的背后,可以看出在国民党的政治版图中,台湾的地位日渐重要,台湾农民组织的地位也日渐重要。在糅合两种农民组织经验的基础上,当政者促成了具有政治、经济、社会等综合性功能的新农会的产生。

The Separation and Combination of Taiwan''''s Farmers Associations and the Cooperatives during the Early Post-war Time

This paper examines the separation and combination of Taiwan's farmers' organization since 1945 to 1949. Before it's returned to China, Taiwan was occupied by Japanese since 1895, and formed its farmers' organizations, while the mainland China had its experience of the farmers' organizations. Two different experiences were met in Taiwan during the early post-war time. The National government separated Taiwan's farmers' organization into the Farmers' Association and the cooperative not long after which were taken over according to the experience of mainland China that the FA was political organization while the cooperative was economical. The separated farmers' organizations got into troubles since then, which made Taiwan provincial government have to reconsolidate them in 1949. It can be concluded that Taiwan's farmers' organizations became more important while Taiwan became more important to the National government whose situation in mainland became worse, and then the government caused the establishment of the new Farmers' Association which was economical as well as political and social based on the two experiences.