《香港基本法》解释的权限和程序问题探析

《香港基本法》是全国的宪法性法律,是香港特区的根本法。为了落实"一国两制"的精神,《香港基本法》的规定其解释权属于全国人大常委会,同时《香港基本法》规定全国人大常委会可以授予香港各级法院附条件的《香港基本法》解释权,由于二者的立场、视角、法律传统和利益存在着一定的分歧,因而在立法解释模式和司法解释模式之间存在一定的冲突与碰撞。《香港基本法》在解释主体、权限和程序设定方面存在一些问题,在实践中也引发了宪法危机,因此,应该针对存在的问题,逐步加以完善。

The Authority and Procedure to Interpret Hong Kong Basic Law

Hong Kong Basic Law,a national constitutional law,is the basic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.To execute the policy of "one country,two systems," the Basic Law specifies that the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is authorized to construe the Law,while the Committee may delegate its interpretation power to the courts of different levels in Hong Kong with certain conditions.Conflicts and contradictions are thus inevitable between the legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation since the courts and the Committee's positions,perspectives,legal traditions and interests differ a lot.The defective provisions of the Basic Law in respective of the interpreting agencies,power and procedures will surely lead to unconstitutional crises in practice and should be improved accordingly.