我国上位法与下位法内容相关性实证分析

在我国当前的立法体制下,除宪法和一些基本法律外,同一主题的国家立法和地方立法大量存在,上位法与下位法之间实际起作用的是哪一层级制定的规范性文件,值得探讨。国有土地上房屋征收补偿制度为2011年新建立的制度,以此为对象分析上位法与下位法内容相关性,颇具典型性。基于现有数据,在形式上分析立法结构,在内容上把上位法与下位法的法律文本从征收主体、征收范围、征收程序、补偿范围、补偿标准、强拆规定和法律责任等进行解构对比,发现:下位法重复立法现象严重;上位法被严重架空;无立法权的地方政府颁布的规范性文件客观上与有立法权的地方立法具有同一的效力;有立法权限的省级立法不太活跃;实际起作用的是市、县级地方政府制定的规范性文件。地方立法的乱象亟待规范。

An Empirical Analysison the Relevant Contents between Upper Level Law and Lower Level Law in China

In the current legislative system,apart from the Constitution and some basic laws,there are a large amount of national legislation and local legislation on the same subject. Therefore,the question of which normative document,between upperlevel and lowerlevel laws,affects the reality deserves exploration. The system of state-owned land on the housing collection and compensation enacted in 2011 is a very typical object for analyzing the correlation of upperlevel and lower level laws. Based on available data,along with analyzing the form of legislative framework,comparing the content of the upperlevel and lowerlevel legal texts concerning the subject, scope, procedure of collection, the scope,standard of compensation,the regulation of coercive collection and legal obligations,it was found that the problem of repetition in lowerlevel legislation is serious; upperlevel laws are not implemented effectively; the normative documents issued by local governments which do not have legislative power actually have the same legal force with the local legislation; the provincial legislatures do not actively legislate; the normative documents made by the city and county governments have the actual legal force. The chaos of local legislation should be standardized and regulated.