美国与新大国协调机制的构建:以七国集团为视角

新大国协调继承了传统大国协调通过外交会议、协商来决策的方式,治理领域由传统的军事安全扩展到经济、政治、社会和环境等多个领域。从新大国协调的起源看,美国作为西方世界最强大的国家开始起领导作用。本文通过考察"七国集团"的治理结构,发现美国领导下的多国合作是新大国协调最有意义的制度创新。这种一国领导、多国合作的特点不同于历史上的传统大国协调的治理体制,是一种新型的国际多边安全治理机制。由于这种领导的存在,新大国协调产生了明显的治理效果,主要包括:形成美国意志主导下的大国共同立场、应对国际危机的大国集体反应、其他大国对美国身份的认可以及美国对其他大国分配治理任务。

The Construction of a Mechanism for Coordinating Relations between the United States and New Great Powers:Perspectives from the G-7

Coordination between new great powers follows that by traditional powers in the use of diplomatic meetings,and policy formation through negotiations.Governance has expanded from a traditional focus on military security to economics,politics,society and the environment.From the vantage point of new great powers,as the most powerful state in the Western world,America plays a leadership role.Analysis of the governance structure of the G-7shows that from the vantage point of new great powers,the most important institutional innovation is multi-state cooperation under U.S.leadership.The characteristics of this type of multi-state cooperation lead by one state are different from governance institutions which historically coordinated between traditional great powers,and represent a new type of international multi-lateral security governance mechanism.Because of the presence of such a leader,coordination between new great powers clearly offers efficient governance,including:common positions of great powers crafted by American will and leadership;collective responses of great powers to international crises;the recognition of America’s position on the part of other great powers;the assignment of governance tasks by the U.S.to other great powers.