公共领域视野下知识产权制度之正当性

知识产权制度之正当性在于其能够有效地促进知识的学习和传播,激励创新,从而增加社会福利。知识产权劳动价值论、激励论、对价论等均蕴含着公共领域保留的理念。公共领域保留能够促进知识的创造、传播与学习,促进创新驱动发展有益循环。过高保护水平的知识产权制度对公共领域是一种侵蚀,不仅不利于知识产品的私人利益与公共利益的平衡,反而会增加知识传播的成本,不利于可持续创新的实现。知识产权公共领域保留需要在立法中明确表明,以结合知识产权私权保护规范共同实现知识产权立法目的。公共领域保留也是知识产权司法实践中有效保护知识产权的重要方面。

Justification of Intellectual Property System from the Perspective of Public Domain

The justification of intellectual property lies in its function of effectively promoting the learning of knowledge and thus increasing social welfare.Labor theory,incentive theory and the theory of consideration,all of them are inherent with the concept of public domain.Through the preservation of the public domain,intellectual property system can promote the creation and dissemination of knowledge and accelerate innovation-driven development.Unreasonable strong intellectual property protection system can erode public domain as well as people’s access to knowledge and intellectual products,which not only goes against to the balance between private intellectual property rights and public interest,but also increases the economic cost of knowledge dissemination,and therefore it is not conducive to the realization of sustainable innovation.Based on these analysis,it is necessary to protect public domain in the intellectual property system,because it is the basis for justification of intellectual property law.Only in this way can intellectual property law function well to incentive people to sustainably create new knowledge and foster people to learn,and realize the legal value as it should be.