刑法体系解释层次论——兼以“赵春华案”为实践检验样本

刑法体系解释是一种重要的刑法解释方法,当下多数论者将其界定为:将刑法规范置于刑法典这一体系当中,联系刑法相关法条进行解释。但是,这种界定只是刻画了刑法体系解释之“体系”的一个层次,存在逻辑论证不完整、层次不清晰、难以有效指导实践等问题。刑法体系解释之“体系”作为一个逻辑严密的系统整体,应当划分为条文体系、章节体系、刑法典体系、法秩序统一体体系、社会共同体价值体系等五个层次:第一,应当确保同一条文内部的逻辑自洽,对刑法用语和某一款项的解释不能违背其所在条文这一最基础的体系;第二,要将条文体系的解释结论置于所在章节之体系进行检验,使其与所在章节相协调;第三,将解释结论放在整个刑法典体系当中进行审视,避免与其他条文相矛盾,尤其是不能与刑法基本原则等一般规范以及刑法的基本目的相抵触;第四,将解释结论放在整个法律体系之中进行考量,不能做出与民法、行政法等法律相冲突或违背刑民界分、刑行界分基本理念的结论;第五,刑法解释的结论除了要与上述的规范逻辑体系相协调,还必须同时与社会共同体价值体系相融洽。在运用刑法体系解释方法时,应当遵循依次递进的五个层次,使罪刑法定等基本原则得到坚守,令刑法规范与社会情理价值得以深度融合。以“赵春华案”为检验素材,可以看到刑法体系解释五层次论符合科学的逻辑认知路径,能够较为圆满地指导司法实践。

On Hierarchical Theory of Systematic Interpretation of Criminal Law:Taking Zhao Chun-hua Case as a Test Sample

As an important approach to criminal law interpretation,systematic interpretation of criminal law was defined by most researchers as putting criminal norms into the system of Penal Code and using relating articles to interpret it.However,this definition describes only one level of systematic interpretation of criminal law and there are such problems as it is logically incomplete and discrepancy in arrangement,which cannot effectively guide practice.As a rigorous logic system,systematic interpretation should be defined into five levels:provisions system,chapters system,Penal Code system,unification of legal order system as well as the value system of the society.Firstly,the logic in the same article should be self-consistent and the diction and interpretation of a certain provision should comply with the basic logic within the article.Secondly,the conclusion of provisions system should be tested in chapters,reaching coordination within the entire chapter.Thirdly,the conclusion of chapters system should be tested in Penal Code system,complying with the other provisions,especially the basic principles,the general provisions and the general aims of criminal law.Fourthly,the conclusion of Penal Code system should be examined in the whole legal system,and it should not violate Civil Law,Administrative Law nor should it violate the basic concepts of the Criminal-Civil division and Criminal-Administrative division.Fifthly,besides the coordination of the above-mentioned logical system,it should also comply with the value system of the society.When using systematic interpretation of criminal law,the five successive levels should be followed,and the basic principles such as Nulla poena sine lege should be adhered,the criminal norms and the value of the society should be deeply integrated.Taking Zhao Chun-hua Case as an example,it clearly shows that five levels of systematic interpretation of criminal law conform to logical cognitive process and can effectively guide the juridical practice.