法律文明的起源——一个历史学、考古学、人类学和法学的跨学科研究

在描述法律文明的起源时,由于文字尚未诞生,因此仅凭法学的文献是不够的,必须借助历史学、考古学、人类学的成果。在此基础上,对人类经历的游团、部落、酋邦和国家四个不同阶段法律的萌芽、诞生、成长和发展等起源过程进行探讨,是法律史研究的重要领域。而存世之传说(神话),出土之遗存,尚存之原始部落人群的生活调查,以及从最早的文字记录下来的习惯法汇编文献中,逆向往前追溯这些习惯更早的形态,来梳理人类法律规范的起源等研究方法的综合运用,则构成了我们了解、把握法律文明的萌芽、诞生、成长和发展的基本路径。

The Origin of Legal Civilization: An Interdisciplinary Study of History,Archaeology,Anthropology and Law

In describing the origins of legal civilization,since written words have not yet been formed,therefore,legal literature alone is not enough.We must draw on the achievements of history,archaeology and anthropology.On this basis,it is an important field in the study of legal history to discuss the origin process of the four different stages of law,namely,the germination,birth,growth and development of the Bands,Tribe,Chiefdom and Country.But only through legend(mythology),unearthed remains of the existing primitive tribes of people,and from the earliest written records of custom in the literature,reversing back these habits earlier form,can we comb the origin of human legal norms such as research methods,the integrated use of the form we know,grasp the legal civilization of germination,birth,growth and development of the basic path.