道德的起源与人的需要

在伦理思想史上 ,许多思想家都曾对道德的起源问题进行过研究和探讨 ,并取得了一定的认识成果 ,但从总体上看 ,都未能正确揭示道德的起源。道德作为一种特殊的精神现象 ,实质上是一种人际关系的调节机制和协调方式 ,也是一种人的自我完善和自我发展的方式。它是人类为了满足个体与群体生存与繁衍的需要 ,协调相互关系、求得共同发展的需要 ,以及自我肯定、自我完善和自我发展的需要 ,而确定的一种平衡机制和实现方式。不论从道德的本质来看 ,还是从其功能与作用来看 ,道德都是人的需要的产物 ,人作为主体的需要是道德得以产生的根源。

The Origin of Morality and the Human Need

In the history of ethics thinking, many thinkers have studied and probed into the origin of morality, and achieved some successes in knowledge. However, they have never correctly revealed the origin of morality. As a special spiritual phenomenon, morality is actually a means and way to regulate and coordinate interpersonal relations, and a way for man to perfect and develop himself. It is a human need to satisfy personal and collective existence and reproduction, coordinate interpersonal relations and pursue common development, and also a need for self-confirmation, self-perfection and self-development, hence a mechanism of balance and means of realization. Either viewed from the point of nature or from the point of function, morality is a product of human need, so, when man as the subject, human need is the real origin of morality.