徇私枉法罪中“特定明知”的认定

徇私枉法罪有关条款明确了行为人对特定对象的“明知”，要准确认定行为人的“特定明知”，必须先确认特定对象在犯罪构成中的归属。司法实践中，在认定行为主体犯罪故意的认识因素时，将行为主体的认识状况与对行为主体认识状况的认识区别开来：“明知”是行为人对犯罪构成事实的一种认识状况，而非我们对行为人认识状况的一种判断方式。只有把“明知是有罪的人”限定为行为主体自己对犯罪构成事实的一种认识状况，才符合罪责自负原则。

The Cognize of Full Awareness in the Crime That Bends the Law for the Benefit of Relatives or Friends

The law regulates that person should aware the specific object fully in malfeasance crimes. For fixing the full awareness, we must confirm specific object＇s function in crime. In the justice practices, we should recognize the distinctions between doers＇awareness and the cognition of whose awareness. Full awareness is a status that doers＇ reorganization of criminal constitution, but is not a way that we judge the doers＇ awareness status. The principle that one should afford the responsibility as he commits crime should be abided well. So the doers＇ awareness status should be limited in one of the criminal constitutions.