版权法上公共领域的衰落与兴起

版权法上公共领域是人类自由文化创造的源泉,但20世纪晚近以降,一种将"版权财产"与"公共领域"对立起来加以看待的做法开始变得日益兴盛,致使版权法上公共领域日趋衰亡。该种衰落背后的近因还在于当今的版权受到两种错误思潮的影响:其一,是"浪漫主义的作者观"在版权法上的错误配置;其二,是"有价值便有权利"以及"版权保护必须和复制技术成反比例变化"的观念在版权人世界的广为流传。而为了使版权法公共领域重获兴起,除了需要展开理念上的转型而推行"义务公共领域"的理论学说外,我们还需要展开一系列的制度创新:如展开"创作共享"公有领域运动、迈向"自由演绎"公共领域的未来以及建立网络时代的"默示许可"公有空间等等,由此我们才能看到版权法上公共领域重获兴起的曙光。

The Decline and Rise of Public Domain in Copyright Law

In copyright law,public domain is deemed the source of human free cultural creation.However,in the late 20th century,more and more people put public domain on the opposite position to copyright property,which resulted in the decline of public domain in copyright law.Further,two ideological trends in copyright law hastened the decline:inappropriate interpretation of "romantic view"of the authors,and overspreading of the ideas that "worth means rights"and "protection of copyright must be in inverse proportion to reproduction technology."In order to revive public domain,apart from a "theoretical turn"to advocate the doctrine of "obligations in public domain," we should introduce a series of institutional innovations that will capture the ideas of public domain such as "shared creation,"free derivation,"and "implied license"that may be established in the website era.Only is this way can we expect the rise of public domain in copyright law.