菲律宾的火药桶——论20世纪中吕宋农村骚乱的起源

中吕宋向来是菲律宾农村矛盾的集结地。人地矛盾突出是农村问题的根本症结,高利贷的蔓延和农闲时期兼业机会的缺乏,更强化了农民的贫困状态,从而滋生严重的不满。但“贫困”不足以解释中吕宋农村骚乱的原因,中吕宋还具备有别于岛国其他地区的独特性。在资本侵蚀农村的大背景下,中吕宋的主佃关系、土地掠夺和农工运动都趋向激化,而土地兼并和教会地产的长期存在更是中吕宋农村的毒瘤。

The Flash Point in the Philippines:An Introduction to the Origin of Central Luzons Rural Unrest in the 20th Century

Central Luzon has always been the focus of the rural unrest.The contradiction of man and land proves to be the most critical point of the rural problem.Futherrmore,usury and scarcity of part-time job make farmers’ lives even bitter.As a result,farmers’ discontent is undoubtedly widespread.However,poverty can not explain everything.As the traditional village became more and more involved in the modernization process,issues such as tenancy,farm laborer movement and land-grabbing intended to be harsher,differing central Luzon from other areas in the Philippines.Also,land annexation and friar estates had been nightmare to farmers all the time since 19thcentury.