论宪法对公民环境权的设计

公民环境权应是一项独立的、基本的人权,20世纪90年代以来,公民的这一权利在世界各国逐步得以确认,出现了公民环境权宪法化的趋势。国外宪法对公民环境权的设计通常采取三种方式:一是公民的环境权利义务对称,二是公民的权利与国家的义务对应,三是公民的环境权利义务和国家的环境义务相结合。我国宪法应借鉴上述第三种方式,明确使用公民环境权这一法律术语,将环境权界定和设计为包括环境使用权、知情权、参与权和请求权的公民的基本权利。与此对应,宪法还须规定国家对公民只有首位的环境义务。

Discuss on the design of citizen''''s environmental right in constitution

Citizen's environmental right should be and independent basic human right.Since 1990s,this right of the citizen's confirm progressively in countries all over the world,and has presented the trend that provide citizen's environmental right in foreign constitution:First,the citizen's environmenntal rights and obligations are symmetrical,second,hte citizen's right and obligation of the country are corresponding,third,the citizen's environmental rights and obligations combine with environmental obligation of the country.The constitution of our country should draw lessons from above-mentioned the third way,use theis legal term of citizen's environmental reght clearly,and define and design environmental right as the fundamental right of the citizen including environmental right to use,the right to participate in and right of asking for in the hnow.Corresponding with this,the constitution must also stipulate the environmental obligation of the country to citizen with the first place.