美国刑事赔偿制度论要

因“主权豁免”原则的影响和基于财政负担等方面的考虑,美国联邦和各州的刑事赔偿立法与实践相对保守落后。在立法上刑事赔偿范围狭窄;获得刑事赔偿的法定条件非常严格;赔偿请求人须承担严格的证明责任;受害人可获得的赔偿金数额受到很多限制。在实践中,受害人获得刑事赔偿要经历一个非常漫长的过程。目前,美国刑事赔偿立法已经引起了许多州的重视,但刑事赔偿立法的完善仍有一段漫长的路要走。

On Criminal Compensation System in USA

Under the influence of the principle of sovereign immunity and financial burden, the legislation and practice of criminal compensation are comparatively conservative and backward both in federal and state level in the United States. In the legislation, the scope of criminal compensation is narrow, the legal requirement for obtaining criminal compensation is very rigid, and the claimant have to take strict burden of proof, the amount of compensation the victim can get has many restrictions. In the practice, it needs a long time for the victim to obtain the criminal compensation. Nowadays, the legislation of criminal compensation in USA has been taken seriously by many states, but it has a long way to go.