论合同履行中的不安抗辩权

不安抗辩权是我国合同法确立的一项全新的合同履行制度,它既借鉴了大陆法系不安抗辩权规定的精华,也吸收了英美法系预期违约制度的合理性。其构成要件有四条,即要有基于同一双务合同产生的具有对价关系的两项债务;合同的履行要有先后顺序;后履行方有不能履行或可能不能履行的法定情形;后履行方不能履行或可能不能履行的法定情形须出现在合同成立后。它的法律效力为中止履行合同,恢复履行或解除合同,但权利人应负有举证责任和通知义务。在司法实践中,正确适用不安抗辩权应注意对方有丧失或可能丧失债务履行时的证据收集;注意“合理期限”的界定与适用;注意不安抗辩权与违约责任请求权的竞合。

On the Performance Right to Plea System in Carrying out a Contract

The performance right to plea system is a new performance system of contract established in China's Contract Law,which benefits from the prime of the performance right to plea in continental law system and absorbs the rationality of anticipatory breach of contract system in Anglo-American law system.It should contain four factors,including two liabilities with quid pro quo relation produces by the same bilateral contract,precedence order for performance of contract,emergence of legal circumstances for subsequent performer to be unable to or unlikely to perform the contract and the emergence of legal circumstances occurring after the establishment of contract.Its legal force is to discontinue or renew the performance of contract,or cancel the contract,but the obligee is responsible for the burden of proof and notification.In judicial practice,proper application of the right should pays attention to evidence gathering while the other party may lose or loses the performance of debts.