比、类和比类——中国古代司法思维形式研究

中国古代司法适用中公开承认＂比类＂司法技术,其运用与中国古代逻辑思维形式有关。比、类和比类是中国古代逻辑思维中的重要内容。中国古代在法律适用中的比类可以分为广义与狭义两种。广义指整个司法适用的逻辑过程,狭义指法律适用中＂法无正条＂下的疑难案件。这种比类司法技术形式是在特有的＂比＂和＂类＂思维形式下发展起来的。它的发展使中国古代形成了特有的司法逻辑思维、特有的律与例的法律结构和具有独特性的判例结构。中国古代很多法律形式结构与法律术语都与比类司法技术有关。

Reference,Typification and Analogy: A Study on Formation of Judicial Thinking Logic in Ancient China

Relating to judicial logic,analogy was an officially confirmed technique of judicial application in ancient China.Reference,typification and analogy were essential logic patterns,in which analogy had both general and specific meaning in judicial application.As to the former,it referred to the whole logic process in judicial application,while the latter referred to complex cased in lack of specific provisions.The analogy technique developed from reference and typification,forming a unique judicial logic,dist...