案例指导制度下的法律推理及其规则

与制定法传统下的法律推理不同,案例指导制度下的法律推理由法律规则、指导性案例、案件事实以及判决结论四个要素构成。在这种思维模式中,由于对待决案件与指导性案例作出是否同案的判断以及如何形成同判是整个法律推理的论证重点,判定两者是否属于相同案件以及如何作出相同判决的方法自然成为这种法律推理的核心方法。案例指导制度下法律推理的规则主要包括：基本参照规则、实现同案同判的认识规则、断定同案的判断规则、形成同判的约束规则、回归规则以及指导性案例选编的编写规则。上述推理形式和推理规则的系统作用是案例指导制度下法律推理得以正确进行的基础和保障。

Legal Reasoning and Its Rules under the Case Guidance System

The legal reasoning of the case guidance system is the effective way to treat the similar case equally. It not only reflects the particular form of judging thought in the case guidance system, but also takes the way of deciding the similar case as the most important method of legal reasoning. Different from the model of the traditional legal reasoning, the legal reasoning of the case guidance system consists of four parts, that is, the legal rule, the guiding case, the legal fact and the conclusion of judgment. In this model, whether the pending case is similar to the guiding case and how to make a similar judgment to the similar case are the main points to be demonstrated, thus the method to decide the similar case and to make the similar judgment is the key point in the legal argument. Rules of legal reasoning of the case guidance system should be established to guarantee that the similar case get the similar judgment, which include the foundational referential rule, the epistemological rule to realize "similar case, similar judgment", the rule to decide whether the pending case is similar to the guiding cases, the binding rule to form the similar judgment, the regression rule, and the editorial rule of the guiding cases. As a matter of course, without such a theory of legal reasoning, the operation of the case guidance system is impossible. The system function of the above forms and rules of reasoning is the foundation and safeguard of the correct legal reasoning under the case guidance system.