自然资源国家所有权双阶构造说

祛除国家所有权的法律神话,遵循解释论立场的研究范式,中国语境中的自然资源国家所有权是一个法规范系统。该系统包含基础性规范、确权性规范、授权性规范及管制性规范四个单元,分别由宪法文本、物权法文本和特别法文本予以载明。具备转介功能的引致条款把各单元串联成一个整体。在现代法秩序中,所有权绝不是由某一个部门法“独家经营”的法律概念。就所有权类型的理论反思而言,自然资源国家所有权蕴含着宪法所有权与民法所有权的双阶构造,纯粹私权说与纯粹公权说均难谓恰当。就自然资源使用的法律调整机制而言,应回归公物与私物二元区分的大陆法传统,并对“非对物采掘类”与“对物采掘类”自然资源作类型化处理,由此形成不同的规范配置。

Double level Struction of State Ownership of Natural Resources

In the legal order of modern society, ownership is such a legal concept that doesn''t belong to any department of law exclusively. To correct the misunderstanding of state ownership in Chinese context, property on natural resources should be understood as a normal system if we follow the position of the interpretative theory. This normal system comprises four units, namely the fundamental norm, the affirmative norm, the authorized norm and the administrative norm. Broadly speaking, some referral clauses can be regarded as the thread running those four units stated clearly by the Constitution, the property law and the administrative law.State ownership is a double-deck structure which contains the constitutional ownership as well as the civil ownership. This conclusion is based on a theoretical analysis that only the civil ownership can be the bridge between the constitutional ownership and the usufruct of natural resources. As far as the theoretical meditation about state ownership in Chinese academic community is concerned, both of the two polar doctrines which merely interpret state ownership as an absolute public power or a pure private right cannot precisely reflect what happens in transitional Chinese society. Besides, as far as the completeness of legal norms about natural resources is concerned, this research suggests that the difference between "excavation in natural resources" and "non-excavation in natural resources" need to be fully recognized in order to shape different regulations.