我国乡镇建制规模、职能定位与机构设置思考

“乡镇”作为国家依法设置的一种地方行政建制,已成为当今世界许多国家管理农村行政事务和为农民提供公共产品服务的通行做法。而我国自秦朝至清末的两千多年,“皇权止于县政”,乡里制度集中地反映了宗法性与行政性的高度整合。进入20世纪的一百年,“乡镇”虽然成为我国县以下的地方行政建制,但是一直存在着政党政治与政府政治互相交叉、国家政权与农民自治互相渗透、乡镇行政体制与财政体制互相脱节的问题。当前,我们应站在政府体制创新与经济市场化进程相适应的高度去认识和把握乡镇改革的基本方向,科学地、审慎地对待“撤并乡镇”的问题,决不能再搞“一刀切”。

Consideration on Establishment Scale, Functional Orientation and Organs Setup of Towns in Our Country

The establishment of town,a sort of local administration unit established by national law,has been prevailing nowadays over the world,in this way to administer country affairs and offer public service.During more than 2,000 years from Qin Dynasty to late Ching Dynasty in our country,"imperial power ceased in county",the village neighborhood system reflected ancient clan system integrating closely with administration.In 20 centuries of 100 years,although town became local administration unit of our country below county level,there has been exist the problems of party politics and government politics crossing each other,national political power and farmer autonomy permeating each other,administration system and public finance system dislocating each other in town.At present,we should stand on the height that government institutional innovation and economic market progress fit mutually to recognize and hold the basic direction of town reform,and treat the problem of "withdrawing to combine towns" scientifically and carefully,by no means of absolutization.