越南李朝兵制与唐宋兵制关系探析

兵制是一个国家的重要典章制度,同时也是维护国家独立和民族繁荣的有效手段。李朝作为11至13世纪中南半岛上的强国之一,十分重视兵制的建设。由于中越复杂的历史联系,李朝立国后在兵制的设置上借鉴了唐宋兵制,尤其是重点效仿唐宋兵制的军事领导体制、武装力量体制和兵役制度等军事制度。不过,李朝兵制并没有完全照搬唐宋兵制,它既吸收了唐宋兵制的精华,又因地制宜地发展出了符合李朝自身国情的兵制,并增设了新的兵种象兵。李朝兵制无论是在平定内乱抑或开疆扩土中,都契合了国家发展的实际需要。反过来,李朝兵制也对宋朝的兵制产生了一定的影响,宋朝也参考了李朝兵制对其兵制进行改革。宋朝兵制在改革中充分借鉴了李朝的军事编制,尤其是军这种新的军队编制的创设,成为宋朝改革军队编制的开端。从李朝兵制大力效仿唐宋兵制,再到宋朝亦在兵制建设上借鉴李朝兵制的优点,这种相互学习与借鉴,增进了古代中国与周边国家的关系,也进一步促进了二者之间的相互交融和融合,从而形成了今天的中国与周边国家的文化中你只有我、我中有你的文化格局。

An Analysis of the Relationship between the Military System of Ly dynasty in Vietnam and the Military System in Tang and Song Dynasties

Military system is an important system in the development of the country,and it is also an effective means to safeguard national independence and prosperity.During the 11~13 century,as a power in Indochina Ly dynasty also attached great importance to the construction of military system.It was true that,due to the special historical relationship between China and Vietnam,after the establishment of Ly dynasty,its military system imitated almost all of the Tang and Song dynasties’,especially in the military system,the armed forces system and the military service system.However,after that Ly dynasty’s military system was not rest on its laurels.Instead,it absorbed the essence of the Tang and Song military system,developed according to local conditions in line with Ly dynasty’s own national conditions,and also added a new armsWar elephant.Ly dynasty’s military system,either in the civil strife or expansion,was in line with the actual needs of their national development.As the influence of Ly dynasty’s military system,the Song Dynasty began to reform its own.In the reform Song Dynasty’s military system made fully use of the military system from Ly dynasty,especially thearmy-a new creation of military class,which became the beginning of the reform of the Song Dynasty army.From the Ly dynasty military system’s emulation of the Tang and Song system,to the Song Dynasty in the military system reform took Ly dynasty’s military system’s advantage,this kind of mutual learning spirit between ancient China and neighboring countries helped to enhance the relationship and further promote the two to integrate.As a result,form a culture pattern of mutual integration between China and neighboring countries’culture.