网络搜查及其规制研究

网络犯罪借助现代科技,使得传统侦查手段难以应付,而网络留痕的技术特征使实施网络搜查打击犯罪成为可能。实践中的网络搜查包括网络通信审查、"黑客行为"、植入计算机"病毒"、利用后门程序等类型,具有专业技术性、远程非接触性、受客观条件限制小、高度封闭性和秘密性等特征,可能给公民的隐私权和个人信息安全造成威胁。为实现网络搜查的依法运行,应明确其本质属性仍为搜查,需遵循搜查之原则,如强制侦查法定原则、比例原则、令状原则、司法审查原则。根据此种属性和原则,可以通过限制网络搜查的适用案件类型、程序启动的证明标准,明确司法审查机制和实施程序,实现对我国网络搜查制度的合理规制。

On Network Investigation and Its Regulation

Cybercrimes with the aid of modern technology pose great challenge for traditional investigative methods, but fortunately due to network trace, can be cracked down by conducting network investigation. Such investigation includes network communication review, police "hacking," implantation of "virus" and the use of backdoor program, etc. It is highly secret, professional, non-transparent, remote with no contact, and free from physical constraints, which, however, may threaten the privacy and personal information security of individuals. To ensure that the network investigation is to be conducted according to law, it should be made clear that it is in essence a kind of search, and all the principles concerning search apply, such as legality principle of compulsory investigation, proportional principle, warrant principle, and judicial review principle, etc. Accordingly, to reasonably regulate network investigation, the type of cases that requires such investigation shall be prescribed, standard of proof be required to start the process, judicial review and the investigation process be specified.