16-19世纪华人移民菲律宾从商原因探析

明清虽然实行海禁政策,但是中国沿海商民仍然下海经商。通过对明史、东南亚华侨史研究发现,西班牙占领菲律宾后,在马尼拉发展转口贸易,急需中国瓷器、丝绸,因此对华人采取友好招徕的态度。明朝灭亡的前二十年,政府无暇顾及沿海商民的出海活动,闽南人迎来了移民菲律宾发展商业的黄金期。随着菲律宾华人的增加,以闽南人为主体的华人社会形成,闽南商文化成为当地华人圈中的主流文化,这在一定程度上进一步鼓励华人从事商业活动。康熙二十三年,闽海关设立后,闽南人赴菲贸易再度活跃。16到19世纪,是菲律宾华商的发展期。

The Reasons for Chinese Immigrants in Philippines Doing Business in the 16th-19th Century

In Ming and Qing dynasties,though the policy of sea ban was carried out,Chinese coastal merchants still went into the sea to do business through the study of Ming history and the history of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.After the Spanish occupation of the Philippines,they developed the re-export trade in Manila,which was in great need of Chinese porcelain and silk,so they adopted a friendly and inviting attitude towards the Chinese.In the first two decades of the Ming Dynasty,the government had no time to take care of the activities of the coastal merchants,and the Minnan people came to emigrate to the Philippines to develop their business.With the increase of Chinese in the Philippines and the formation of Chinese society dominated by Minnan people,Minnan business culture has become the mainstream culture in the local Chinese circle,which in a certain extent,further encourages Chinese to engage in business activities.In1684,after the establishment of the Fujian Customs,the trade of the Minnan people to the Philippines was once again active.The 16 th and 19 th centuries saw the development of Chinese merchants in the Philippines.