台湾地区与大陆变更起诉法条制度比较介评

刑事诉讼中,案件进入审判程序后,法院可能发现对被告人应适用的罪名和刑罚与检察院的起诉判断有所出入,此时法院可否变更起诉罪名及刑罚,适用另一罪名和相应刑罚?台湾刑诉法采行变更起诉法条制度,承认法院有权变更起诉所引之法条,但须于案件事实同一性之前提下始得为之,并应践行一整套法定的变更起诉法条程序。大陆地区刑诉法上对此并无明确规定,相关司法解释仅肯定法官变更起诉罪名权,但并无任何启动条件与实施程序之限制,相关理论研究亦存在不足,应借鉴台湾立法及理论之研究予以完善。

Comparative Study on the Change of Accusations by Court between Taiwan and Mainland of China

In criminal proceedings,when a case has come into procedure of trial,applicable accusation and penalty on defendants by the court would be possibly found different from the ones prosecuted by procuratorate.Could the court change the prosecuted accusation and penalty and apply another accusation and corresponding penalty？ The change of accusation by court is carried out in Taiwan,which regulates the court has the right to change the accusation on the basis of ＂the identity of the case＂ and following a complete set of statutory procedures.There have not been relevant specific regulations in mainland of China.Relevant judicial interpretation only affirms the right of judge in changing accusation but doesn’t have starting conditions and limits on implementation procedure.There have also been defects in relevant studies.The legislation and theoretical study in Taiwan should be borrowed to improve ours.